Choosing Your References

References can play a vital role in securing your next job. While it's true that not all employers check references, the number of companies that do check them has increased over the past few years. References are the most vital at a key point in the job search process -- when you've interviewed for the position and are being seriously considered as a candidate.

So who should you choose as a reference?

• Whenever possible, choose professional -- not personal -- references. A professional reference is someone who has seen you at work, preferably solving problems related to the type of position you're pursuing right now. The professional reference will speak not just about the skills you bring to the job but also your personality and other strengths.

If you've been out of the workforce for some time and your previous professional references are unavailable (despite your best efforts to track them down), you may have to list several personal references -- however, these will only likely be able to address your personality, not your aptitude in performing the type of job you're seeking.

• Choose references who can provide current information. If you're seeking a position as an operations manager, a reference who knew you only when you were a production equipment operator may not be able to speak to your management strengths.

What makes a good reference? Most people think only of supervisors and managers. That's generally a good choice, because when your boss has good things to say about you, the interviewer is reassured about your ability. But customers, vendors, colleagues, and volunteer committee members can also supply valuable information.

• Supply enough references. Most companies want between 3-5 professional references. You should secure each person's permission before using them as a reference. All that means is that they agree to answer questions from an employer.

You can reassure potential references with some tips. References should not feel obligated to come up with a list of glowing descriptions of you. Instead, encourage them to speak about times when they saw you solving problems.

Be sure to provide each of your references with a copy of the resume and a sample cover letter. Ask your reference for their best contact information -- the best phone numbers and e-mail addresses to reach them. If the reference has a preferred time they'd like to receive calls, would like to receive inquiries via e-mail, or lives in a different time zone, be sure to note those on the list of references.